(v): make a mathematical calculation or computation
(v): rub to a uniform size
(v): move over something with pressure
(v): determine the capacity, volume, or contents of by measurement and calculation
(v): establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
(v): measure precisely and against a standard
(v): express as a number or measure or quantity
(v): adapt to a specified measurement
(v): cause to conform to standard or norm
(v): mix in specific proportions
(v): mix together different elements
(n): a measuring instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity such as the thickness of wire or the amount of rain etc.
(n): instrument that shows the extent or amount or quantity or degree of something
(n): accepted or approved instance or example of a quantity or quality against which others are judged or measured or compared
(n): a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
(n): the distance between the rails of a railway or between the wheels of a train
(n): size of the gap between two places
(n): the thickness of wire
(n): the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width
(n): diameter of a tube or gun barrel
(n): the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference
I always have to strain against personal feelings to spell this word correctly. Gauge looks like gouge sounds, and deep inside, I've always wished it were guage, which feels truer to sound and reminds me of things like suede.